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Bình Ngô đại cáo
''Bình Ngô đại cáo'' (literally: ''Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu'') or ''Cáo bình Ngô'' was an announcement written by Nguyễn Trãi in 1428 after the order of Lê Lợi to proclaim the total pacification of the Ming Dynasty and affirm the independence of Đại Việt to its people. Considered the second declaration of independence of Vietnam after the poem ''Nam quốc sơn hà'', ''Bình Ngô đại cáo'' is highly appreciated not only for its value of propaganda and history but also for its fine literary quality.
==Naming==
''Bình Ngô đại cáo'' literally means ''Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu'' in which Wu (吳, ''Ngô'') was the ancestors's land (now Fengyang County, Anhui) of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. In 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang himself took the title Duke of Wu (吳國公) and later King of Wu (吳王, in Vietnamese: ''Ngô Vương''). Therefore, one could reason that Nguyễn Trãi named his work ''Pacification of the Wu'' instead of ''Pacification of the Ming'' in order to subtly emphasize the victory of Đại Việt and the failure of the Ming Dynasty which was called by its origin's name Wu in the proclamation.〔 The second part of the name, ''đại cáo'' (大誥) is commonly understood as the denotement of its literary genre, a great edict (''cáo''), or the announcement's great scale (''đại cáo''). The former was the name of a chapter in the book ''Classic of History'' in which ''great edict'' was a special form of an edict. But during the time of the early Ming Dynasty, ''great edict'' was used by Hongwu Emperor for his official documents of imperial laws and thus became a symbol of power and authority of the Ming emperor. For this reason, there was an opinion that Nguyễn Trãi named his announcement ''đại cáo'' for the purpose of reversing the meaning of ''great edict'' from the symbol of Ming emperor to the representation of Đại Việt victory over his very own army.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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